All Appointed or Chosen by the President
- Approved by the Senate
- Approved by the Senate
Chart of the Federal Court System
Important Supreme Court Cases:
- Marbury V Madison
- The first U.S. Supreme Court case to apply the principle of "Judicial Review" --the power of federal courts to void acts of Congress in conflict with the Constitution.
- The first U.S. Supreme Court case to apply the principle of "Judicial Review" --the power of federal courts to void acts of Congress in conflict with the Constitution.
- McCulloch V Maryland
- The Supreme Court ruled that Congress had implied powers under the "Necessary and Proper Clause" of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution to create the Second Bank of the United States and that the state of Maryland lacked the power to tax the Bank.
- The Supreme Court ruled that Congress had implied powers under the "Necessary and Proper Clause" of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution to create the Second Bank of the United States and that the state of Maryland lacked the power to tax the Bank.
- Miranda V Arizona
- The Supreme Court ruled that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination.
- The Supreme Court ruled that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination.
- Plessy V Ferguson
- The Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal"
- The Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal"
- Brown V Topeka Board of Education
- now acknowledged as one of the greatest Supreme Court decisions of the 20th century, unanimously held that the racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment
- now acknowledged as one of the greatest Supreme Court decisions of the 20th century, unanimously held that the racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment